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Each device that connects to other devices on the Internet is assigned a unique IP address. For systems to locate each other In distributed networks, such as the Internet, each node on the network is assigned a unique address.
This address is commonly known as the 'IP address' or 'IP'. The IP address is a 32-bit binary address consisting of two subaddresses that identify the network and the network host. The IP address consists of four sets of numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by a (.) in decimal form. For example, 192.68.100.4 is a valid IP address.
There are five classes of IP addresses which are:
Class A
The first bit of a class A address is always set to 0. It only leaves seven bits for the network portion of the address. Class A addresses range from 0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0. It means there can only be 128 network numbers.
Class B
The first bit of a class B address is always set to 1 and the second bit is always set to 0. This means that 16,384 networks can be assigned to class B addresses. The numbers range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0.
Class C
Class C addresses have their first two bits set to 1, and the third bit is set to 1. set to 0. This means that 2,097,152 networks can be assigned to this address class. The numbers range from 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0.
Class d
Class D addresses have their first three bits set to 1, and the fourth bit is set to 0. Class D addresses are used for multicast applications. The numbers range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 and are reserved for multicast groups.
Class E
Class E addresses are reserved for experimentation and testing and have never been used in any standard way.
